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Carr, R I (1987) Competitive Bidding and Opportunity Costs. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 151–65.

Carr, R I (1987) Optimum Markup by Direct Solution. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 138–50.

Easa, S M (1987) Earthwork Allocations with Nonconstant Unit Costs. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 34–50.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: Costs; Earthwork; Highway and road construction;
  • ISBN/ISSN: 0733-9364
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1987)113:1(34)
  • Abstract:
    Existing linear programming methods of earthwork allocations in road construction assume that the unit costs of earthwork activities are constant. This paper investigates the factors that affect the variations of unit costs and presents a model of earthwork allocations that incorporates nonconstant unit costs. The unit costs may vary with the total quantity of materials moved from cut to fill sections or disposal sites and from borrow pits to fill sections. For earthwork from cut sections, the unit costs can be established from the known quantities of cut sections (and other operating conditions) and can then be treated as constants in the model. For earthwork from borrow pits, the unit costs also vary with the total quantity to be moved from a borrow pit to fill sections, but this quantity is unknown. These unit costs are formulated as three‐component stepwise functions. The solution of the model is explored and a computer program, EARTHN, which solves the model quite efficiently, is developed. The model is applied to a numerical example to illustrate its use, and possible extensions of the model are examined.

Harris, R A, Bowlby, W and Cohn, L F (1987) Method for Analyzing Construction Haul Noise Impacts. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 6–16.

Hilf, J W (1987) Rolled Concrete Dams Using Gap‐Graded Aggregate. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 27–33.

Hinze, J (1987) Qualities of Safe Superintendents. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 169–71.

King, R (1987) Designing Plans for Constructibility. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 1–5.

Oberlender, G D and Hughes, R K (1987) Graduate Construction Programs in the United States. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 17–26.

Stukharf, G (1987) Construction Management Responsibilities During Design. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 90–98.

Vorster, M C and Sears, G A (1987) Model for Retiring, Replacing, or Reassigning construction equipment. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 125–37.

Wharry, M B and Ashley, D B (1987) Countertrade Financing: Historical Example. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 117–24.

Willenbrock, J H, Thomas, H R and Francis, P J (1987) Factors Affecting Outage Construction Efficiency. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 99–116.